Network functions virtualization (NFV) is also co-related with Virtual Network Function (VNF) in SDN. Often used interchangeably, both aim primarily on optimization of the network services, contrary to software-defined networking (SDN), which separates the control and forwarding plane for a centralized view of the network. Virtual network function is designed to consolidate and deliver the […]
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is the concept of replacing/visualizing dedicated network appliances — such as routers, switches, firewalls etc. with software running on commercial/commodity servers. The aim of NFV is to separte network functions(control plane) from dedicated hardware devices(data plane) and allow network services that are now being hosted on routers, firewalls, load balancers and […]
Complete IPv4 Class D range, defined by IANA, is reserved for Multicast: 224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.255. Link-Local addresses : 224.0.0.0 – 224.0.0.255. This address range is used by network protocols only on the local network segment. Routers do not forward these packets. These are also known as fixed-group addresses because they are well-known and predefined. TTL […]
“Forward address” is a field seen in LSA 5 and LSA7. It indicates the address to which the traffic should be forwarded for an advertised external prefix (LSA5). If the value is set to 0.0.0.0, this means that the traffic should be forwarded to the ASBR(Advertising-Address). In some situations, the forwarding address will be nonzero, […]
Methods to block Type 5 LSA: On ASBR, block the prefix using distribute-list. On ASBR, block the prefix while redistribution into OSPF. On ASBR, block the prefix while summarization. On any ABR block the Forward Address the if Type 5 LSA is having a non zero Forward Address. This method will […]
Class-based Tunnel Selection is feature that enables you to route the traffic in core backbone with different class of service (Precedence/DSCP/EXP) values onto different TE tunnels between Head end and Tail End routers. Consider the diagram below: Aim: We need to have the connectivity b/w two customer sites of customer “xyz”. As shown in the […]