Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is the concept of replacing/virtualizing dedicated network appliances — such as routers, switches, firewalls etc. with software running on commercial/commodity servers.This blog helps you understand What is NFV and related concepts. The aim of NFV is to separte network functions(control plane) from dedicated hardware devices(data plane) and allow network services that […]
In this article we will understand how Proxy-ARP Works with help of multiple scenarios. I’ve setup a lab in GNS3 where I have taken 3 routers R1, R2, R3. R1 and R3 are routers itself but shown as hosts by changing the symbol. Also I have disabled the routing on both R1 and R3 so […]
VNF What is SD-WAN? How it works? To understand the concept of What is SD-WAN and How it works?, Let us create a base first with an example. AIM … READ MORE » uCPE What is uCPE? uCPE (Universal Customer Premise Equipment) is one single device capable of handling multiple network functions. For example, Routing… […]
Open Short Path First is an open-standard protocol based on RFC 2328. OSPF one of the most commonly used IGP in IP networking. Understanding OSPF is a bit complex because of its various packet types, database advertisements, LSA types, Area Types, and most importantly OSPF’s diverse behavior corresponding to various network types. This blog summarizes […]
Using IP SLA Authentication feature, we can configure security in IP SLA communication by making the IP SLA Source and Responder authenticate before communication. Define a key R1(config)#key chain 1 R1(config-keychain)#key 1 R1(config-keychain-key)#key-string cisco Configure and IP SLA R1(config)# ip sla 1 R1(config-ip-sla)#udp-jitter 10.10.12.2 5000 source-ip 10.10.12.1 R1(config-ip-sla-jitter)# frequency 15 R1(config)#ip sla schedule 1 life […]
Define the term FEC in MPLS. Why is it necessary to enable CEF before running MPLS. Two MPLS peers not able to for LDP neighborship. What are probable causes? Which entity imposes label on the PE if the packet arrives unlabelled on it. Explain the two types of Label Space. […]
Routing Information Protocol – RIP is an Interior Gateway Protocol that is designed to support routing in small private networks. It is an Application layer protocol that runs on top of UDP well-known port 520. Routing Information Protocol Versions Routing Information Protocol operates using two versions: RIP Version1 and RIP Version2 Routing Information Protocol Protocol […]
HomePIMInternet Group Management Protocol Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is communication protocol used by receivers/hosts to signal their adjacent/local Multicast routers that they are interested in multicast traffic for a particular group. Below are some of important Details about IGMP Protocol. IGMP is Host to router signalling protocol for Multicasting. IGMP has protocol number “2” […]
An Application Programming Interface (API) is a set of rules (code), subroutine, protocols, and specifications that software programs can follow to communicate with each other. It serves as an interface between different software programs and facilitates their interaction, similar to the way the user interface facilitates interaction between humans and computers. APIs let your product […]
SOO identifies the site that has originated a prefix. It is a BGP extended community(notation AS:Sequence number) that prevents routing loops or sub-optimal routing to happen in dual homed sites. If SOO(say x:y) is configured for a prefix when its update received on PE from a CE and a VPNv4 route is also received for […]
A Hypervisor is computer software, firmware or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines. A computer on which a hypervisor runs virtual machines is called a host machine, and each virtual machine is called a guest machine. The hypervisor presents the guest operating systems with a virtual operating platform and manages the execution of the […]
HomeRIPRIPng Important Points This Blog explains the RIPng Important Points. The Routing Information Protocol next generation (RIPng) is an interior gateway protocol (IGP) that uses a distance-vector algorithm to determine the best route to a destination, using hop count as the metric. RIPng exchanges routing information used to compute routes and is intended for IP […]
HomeRoute FilteringFILTERING TYPE 3 LSA IN OSPF This blog explains various ways of FILTERING TYPE 3 LSA IN OSPF along with config examples. Three of the methods to Filter LSA3 in OSPF are listed below. Block LSA 3 for 9.9.0.4 using a filter-list on ABR R3 at area 1 to reach area 0 in out […]
R2(config)#router rip R2(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 3 match external 1 Again to remind, it is mandatory to give metric while redistributing into RIP. If you don’t want to specify metric specifically while redistributing OSPF but a general reference value for all protocols, we can explicitly use ‘default-metric’ router configuration command to specify the metric. R2(config)#router […]